Metamorphic history of the Jutogh - Rocks of Jutogh Group

(kindly note this is a production of recreation purpose only  this blog is not meant to proove or disaprove any theory )

Dear Readers this post is one of the more amazing fact about Jutogh . Our town's rocks are also special in some ways. Our towns rocks have been named as jutogh group rocks by the metomorphic and their repspective department experts. Below are the details why it is so . 

rocks of Jutogh Group

In Shimla the sediment eroded from the Himalayas 30 million years ago and deposited by ancient rivers The town is situated on the rocks of Jutogh Group and Shimla Group. Jutogh group occupies main Shimla area and extends from Annadale-Chaura  Maidan- Prospect Hill-Jakhoo- US Club and highland area. Shimla Group comprising of earlier Chail Formation and Shimla Series represented by shale, slate, quartzite greywacke and local conglomerate is well exposed in Sanjauli-Dhalli area . 

Himachal Pradesh lies almost entirely in the Himalayan Mountains, and is part of the Punjab Himalayas. Due to its location, it weathers dozens of mild earthquakes every year. Large earthquakes have occurred in all parts of the state, the biggest being the Kangra Earthquake of 1905. The Himalayan Frontal 
Thrust, the Main boundary Thrust, the Karol, the Giri, Jutogh and Nahan thrusts lie in this region. Besides that, there are scores of smaller faults, like the Kaurik Fault which triggered the 1975 earthquake.

For  more details You can read below :- 
Source : Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur


Structural and Metamorphic History of the “Simla Klippe” – A summary

SUMIT KUMAR RAY & KSHITINDRAMOHAN NAHAIndian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur
Abstract: The rocks of the Jutogh Series in the “Simla klippe” have been involved in deformations of three generations, the second of which is absent in the Chail rocks framing the Klippe. The first phase structures are isoclinals folds on gently plunging EW axes where least reoriented, and are generally recumbent/reclined with locally inclined attitude. During the second movement, the axial planes of these folds have been folded coaxially into open, upright antiforms and synforms which are overturned and isoclinal in the north, resulting in local back-folding. On these structures are overprinted a set of nearly upright, conjugate and chevron folds with an overall NNW to N strike of axial planes and subhorizontal axes. Axial plane schistosity related to first folding is the most pervasive planar deformation structure, whereas axial plane schistosities of the second and third generations are only locally significant. In the largest scale, the structure of the Jutogh rocks is an EW-trending, recumbent synformal syncline, the remnants of the overturned limb occurring in the peaks of Jutogh, Taradevi and Prospect Hill. This structure shows culminations and depressions because of the third folding. An unrestricted transport in a NS direction (from N or S) could generate the recumbent folds of the first generation. The second set of folds can be explained by a flattening in the waning phase of the over thrust movement in the same plan of deformation. The folds of the third generation indicate a compression in an EW direction in the last phase of deformation.
The Jutogh rock have been affected by metamorphism in two phases. The first metamorphism, generally in the albite-epidote-amphibolite facies and locally in the amphibolite facies, is late to post-tectonic with the first deformation and pre-tectonic with the second deformation. The second metamorphism, which is in the greenschist facies in a major part of the area, started in the late phases of the second deformation, with metamorphism outlasting movement. Sharp break in the first metamorphism at the Jutogh-Chail border, tearing- off of the large-scale early structures of the Jiutogh rocks at this contact together with the absence of structures of the second generation in the rocks, and widespread cataclasis and diaphthoresis all along this boundary, suggest that the Jutogh-Chail contact represents a thrust surface. A synform of the third generation, with a major depression in the central part, has helped in retaining the Jutogh rocks as a klippe in the high ground around Simla. Continuity of the second metamorphism and the third folding across the thrust shows that the second metamorphism is post-thrusting in age. 














This is also a great report publised on Jutogh Rocks :- 



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